Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Last Updated: December 10, 2025Background Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) refers to a spectrum of conditions caused by acute myocardial ischemia due to plaque rupture, thrombosis, and coronary artery obstruction. It encompasses: These entities differ primarily in ECG findings and biomarker elevation but share similar pathophysiology and treatment pathways. [1] Classification/Types Acute Coronary Syndrome is classified based on ECG findings...
Stable Angina (Chronic Coronary Syndrome)
Last Updated: December 10, 2025Background Stable angina, now more commonly referred to as Chronic Coronary Syndrome (CCS) in contemporary guidelines, is a clinical condition characterized by predictable chest pain or discomfort due to transient myocardial ischemia that is typically relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. It occurs due to fixed atherosclerotic narrowing of the coronary arteries (typically ≥70% stenosis) that...
Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina
Last Updated: December 10, 2025Background Vasospastic angina, also known as Prinzmetal angina or variant angina, is a clinical condition characterized by transient myocardial ischemia due to episodic coronary artery vasospasm. Unlike stable angina, it typically occurs at rest and is often not triggered by exertion. Symptoms characteristically occur in cyclical patterns, often during the night or early morning hours...
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Last Updated: December 10, 2025Background Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) refers to the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis, resulting in reduced blood flow to the myocardium. This ischemia may lead to angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death. CAD is also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD) or atherosclerotic heart disease. Classification/Types Coronary Artery...